A Preliminary Study on Learning Disabilities - 3617 Words

Preliminary Study Title: Description of the local problem. (The local problem that prompted the study is clearly defined and is discussed in terms of the local setting and the larger population or education situation): Background and Setting Robinson School in Puerto Rico has established Pathways in order to provide the best possible academic program for students with learning disabilities. The dynamic instruction provided to students with learning disabilities is customized according to each students Individualized Education Program (IEP). Program characteristics include a low student-teacher ratio, instruction that capitalizes on students learning styles, a strong academic program that develops students strengths and supports students to be competent learners, and a learning environment which conveys safety. Teachers and specialists provide appropriate academic instruction and curricular accommodations according to students unique needs. The Pathways program is designed for students with above-average IQs who also have been diagnosed with learning disabilities. Integration of students in the Pathways program into the traditional program is continuously emphasized. Robinson School articulates the following student characteristics with regard to enrollment in the program: Average-to-above average intellectual ability, well-developed reasoning and comprehension skills, difficulty decoding, spelling, and writing; difficulty processing language, and no emotional,Show MoreRelatedMotivations For Involvement : A Preliminary Investigation Of Parents With Disabilities1205 Words   |  5 PagesMotivations for Involvement: A Preliminary Investigation of Parents with Students with Disabilities SPCED 636 Ebony Edwards Ball University Motivations for Involvement: A Preliminary Investigation of Parents of Students with Disabilities Summary of Research Problem The purpose of this survey study is to investigate parental involvement of students with disabilities. Parents with special needs children deal with many different factors when it comes to parent involvement in a school settingRead MoreThe Randomized Trial Of Function- Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay988 Words   |  4 Pages In the study â€Å"Preliminary Randomized Trial of Function- Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Treat Obsessive Compulsive Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder† by the Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities journal, groups of eight to twelve-year-old children with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder are assessed. All of these children, in addition to the diagnosis of autism, exhibit the challenging behavior of obsessive compulsions, also known as OCB. Although noneRead MoreAdvances Of Treatment Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagespregnancy is one of the leading causes for develop mental disabilities. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is being increasingly used to refer to the full range of problems caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) (Paley O’Connor, 2009). As a result of PAE many developmental deficits are manifested. According to Paley and O’Connor (2009), extensive research has shown that these can include â€Å"intellectual and learning disabilities, deficits in executive functioning, memory problems, speechRead MoreThe Implementation of Facilities Management for Disable People at Universiti Teknologi Mara in Malaysia909 Words   |  4 PagesTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT FOR DISABLE PERSON IN UITM 1.0 INTRODUCTION Disable persons are special individuals who are considered missing a functional ability compared with a normal society. The movement of people with disabilities is limited and hard to do things without help and proper facilities. The term refers also to the individual such as mental health problems, physical weakness, sensory, cognitive, and intellectual. Individuals with this weakness usually occurs fromRead MoreUse Of A Peer Support Intervention For Promoting Academic Engagement Of Students With Autism1505 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a simple peer support intervention on minor, disruptive, off-task behaviors of three elementary students with high functioning ASD from three different classrooms. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA 2004) mandates that children with disabilities be educated in general education classrooms with their peers to the maximum extent possible. In addition, the law states that children with disabilities may only be removedRead MoreAccording to Theurer (2011), miscue analysis is based on the early work of Ken and Yetta Goodman.700 Words   |  3 Pageswith English language learners. A study conducted by Almazroui (2007) clearly showed that the RMA process enables readers to discuss the underlying logic of their miscues. Moreover, the RMA approach allows readers the opportunity to reflect on their own reading process. Additionally, reading is an active process and employing the RMA approach sheds light on the dynamic nature of the reader’s construction of meaning (Ferguson, Harding, Helmer and Suh, 2012). A study conducted by Almazroui (2007) wasRead MoreGenetic And Environmental Effects On A Child s Development1320 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom studies on socially disadvantaged population such as Medicaid patients (62, 66). Moreover, Medicaid recipients have been particularly prone to an increased incidence of behavioral/developmental disorders than the general population (62). Sibling studies theoretically control for social and environmental confounders, and monozygotic twin studies would be the ideal model for genetic and environmental control of potential risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. This type of studies supportedRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Maltreatment853 Words   |  4 Pagesabuse is reported to happen in many homes a day. Child abuse and neglect has been largely reported to happen to children with mental illnesses and disabilities due to parent’s frustrations with raising a child of that stature and the child’s inability to communicate what is happening. â€Å"Child abuse may even be the cause behind some children’s disabilities.† (Palusci,408) Child abuse can have a negative effect on a child’s physical, emotional, social and cognitive development. Neglect and abuse haveRead MoreQuestions On Hearing Impaired Students898 Words   |  4 Pagesdo not often go on to higher education.  Research Methods We conducted preliminary research to determine whether there is a need for teachers who know ASL. We looked up NIC’s course requirements for an Associate of Arts degree in Elementary or Middle School Teacher Education in the course catalog. We also researched the literacy rates for students ages 6-21 with Limited English Proficiency and students with disabilities and the benefits for social development of hearing and hard-of-hearing studentsRead MoreThe Intervention Offers A Range Of Enjoyable Activities At People With Dementia797 Words   |  4 PagesWoods, 2001). In one of the earliest studies (Woods, 1979) found that classroom RO led to improvement in cognitive function. Later (Spector et al., 2001) conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility of RO and developed a program of CS therapy based on a systematic evaluation of the literature of RO which identified its key components (Spector, Davies, Woods, Orrell, 2000). CR is an individualised approach that focuses on reducing functional disability for people with dementia by maximising

`` Fahrenheit 451 `` By Dystopian Society - 912 Words

An utopian, or perfect, society is where people is over satisfied and has no complaints, obstacles about their way of life in that community. In the novel Fahrenheit 451, the government believe they have made quite such a place but in reality, the society this novel is portraying is a dystopia, where everything is bad, unpleasant, the opposite of an utopia. This depicts dystopian society because of common suicide, relationships, technology, emotions and their environment they are living in. The author portrays a dystopian society throughout part one. One reason the society is dystopian is because of the frequent suicides. Montag came home after work, finding Mildred has attempted suicide by overdose. He called the emergency hospital and they sent two technicians to help Mildred. Montag was concerned that the handymen did not have the medical qualifications to save her. One of the handyman then explained, â€Å"‘We get these cases nine or ten a night†¦ You don’t need an M.D., case like this; all you need is two handymen, clean up the problem in half an hour’† (Bradbury 15). The people are so depressed to the point where they would take their own lives and suicide has become a regular and normal practice. In utopian societies, suicide is frowned upon because it shows despair and misery, making a perfect world seem imperfect. Additionally, this society lacks an ideal education. Clarisse was explaining to Montag how the school system runs, s aying, â€Å"‘but do you know, we never askShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 As A Dystopian Society1181 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.† - Kofi Annan. This quote states that education is the key to power and guiding others. The main character in Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag, lives in a dystopian society where people have lost their will to think and communicate with others. In Montag’s society, books are prohibited from civilians because they are deemed offensive, ultimately causing the brain dead downfall of their society. Montag’s profession is a firefighter, whoRead MoreFahrenheit 451 As A Dystopian Society Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesImagine living in a society where the whole world of literature has been completely turned upside down. Books are now being burned in attempt to stop the characteristic we know as individuality and a dystopian society seeks to control the population by elimin ating individual desires, thoughts and passions. The novel Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury explores the idea of a dystopian society that burns books to eliminate individuality and specific opinions between all persons. The protagonistRead MoreDystopian Society In Fahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury749 Words   |  3 Pages Ray Bradbury ´s wrote a book about this dystopian society where everything in our world is backwards in their world, they can speed, they burn books, and everybody is always gloomy and sad. Montag changed his mindset throughout the book, he went from burning books to saving them from getting burnt. Mildred on the other hand, continuously stayed the same throughout the book. She beginned the book showing she did not care, and carried that same mentality through the rest of the book. Ray Bradbury ´sRead MoreA Dystopian Society in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451654 Words   |  3 Pageshasn’t gotten the point of completely censoring everything. In Fahre nheit 451, a novel about a dystopian society, Ray Bradbury illustrates what he believes our world should be like right now. This scarily accurate novel demonstrates the way technology has affected knowledge and relationships in both our world and the world of Fahrenheit 451 in the same way. One of the many ways our world is similar to the dystopian world of Fahrenheit 451 is in the way technology affects our relationships. TechnologyRead MoreDystopian Society In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1243 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury takes the reader to a dystopian society where firemen do more harm than good. The setting takes place in a large United States city in the year 2053. The story has a futuristic and dark tone which makes the reader wonder what the future holds. Has the government become so corrupt that it has the power to control everything? Ray Bradbury tells a story of what happens to society when the government controls people and replaces happiness with distractions. The charactersRead MoreDystopian Response To The Movie Equilibrium And Fahrenheit 451864 Words   |  4 PagesThe book Fahrenheit 451 and the movie Equilibrium have many similarities, but they also have many differences. Both Show this through the characteristics of a dystopia, the controls used, and how the main character acted. A dystopia is an imagined, unpleasant, futuristic place where society is controlled and seen to be perfect by the corrupted citizens. A dystopia is controlled through a corporate, bureaucratic, technological or philosophical control. Both of these stories are dystopian stories andRead MoreCorruption of Technology in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury739 Words   |  3 PagesFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451 is a book by Ray Bradbury, written after World War II and it examines the corruption of technology in a dystopian society. This book explains how a dystopian society works and how people are so attached to television and cars and do not enjoy the natural world. People in a dystopian society are full of fear and sadness. They do not have equality or freedom, they are all so soaked up in technology that it is illegal for them to do simple stuff, suchRead MoreFarenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine1243 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolving around science and technology, usually conveying the dystopian alternative future context, the pessimistic resultant of society. Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and Andrew Niccols Gattaca (1997) both explore the values and concerns of human existence. Despite the difference in context, Gattaca and Fahrenheit 451 both extrapolate the relationship between man and machine in a metaphorical sense. Both pose similar dystop ian concepts of a machine like world. Through the use of juxtapoismRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Vs. 1984970 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 vs. 1984 Ray Bradbury and George Orwell share a very similar theme in their two novels, Fahrenheit 451 and 1984. Winston Smith and Guy Montag work within an authoritarian organization, in which, they have opposing views of the authority. The novels are placed in a dystopian setting that the authority believes is a utopia. The dystopian fictions both have very similar predictions of the future. The predictions from these novels have not happened. However, it could be a short matterRead MoreThe Dystopian Themes Of Fahrenheit 4511372 Words   |  6 PagesEven though Fahrenheit 451 was written over 50 years ago many of the dystopian elements Bradbury applied to his story also apply to our current society. A large portion of today’s world is in a dystopian state such as North Korea, Sierra Leone, Chad and even Disneyland shows dystopian characteristics. The citizens that live in North Korea believe that they are in a utopian state, they worship their leader as a God, have a bureaucra tic control and also propaganda control. Four dystopian themes in Fahrenheit

Being a Successful Student free essay sample

The process of being a successful hybrid student. In order to explain the process of a successful hybrid student, the student must first define success. In defining success the student needs to determine what their goals are for the hybrid class. Success carries a different meaning depending on who it concerns. One students success could be receiving an A in the course, while another students meaning of success could be receiving Just enough to pass the course. After defining what success means to the student, the student should then establish a good time management plan.This is where the student takes time to analyze their schedule to prioritize other responsibilities as well as establish an effective balance between them all. Time management is extremely important in being a successful hybrid student, since most of the work and assignment is done outside of the traditional classroom environment. Once the student has defined what success means to them, determined their goals for the class, and established a good time management plan, the student then needs to have the discipline to follow through. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Successful Student or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discipline Is the key to the overall outcome of he students success. Without discipline, a student can have many goals and plans of achieving those goals, but may loose focus along the way. The success of a hybrid student all defendants on the Individual student. What success means to the student Is the primary factor in the process. A good balance In time management will help the hybrid student to complete assignments on time. The last and most important step In being a successful hybrid student Is discipline. Discipline will keep you focus on your goals and plans for success, not only In the hybrid class but also In life.

Learning Theory and Online Technologies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Learning Theory and Online Technologies. Answer: Introduction: In this article, Yang et al., (2015) discussed on the survey that is conducted on the security technologies on wireless sensor networks. Due to rapid development of wireless communication, sensor technology is promoted to develop wireless sensor networks (WSN). WSN is consisted of an emergence network technology that is raised recently. It obtains lot of consistent information within distributed network wherever and anytime. While providing of security solutions to WSN, encryption technology is used to prevent the security issues. The researcher conducted the research to identify various security technologies used to mitigate security and privacy risks from the cloud environment. The author proposed of key management schemes. The limitation of this study is shortcomings into security as well as network applicability. In this article, Inukollu, Arsi and Ravuri (2014) discussed about the security issues within cloud computing. This selected article is relevant as applications of big data are benefited to the organizations, businesses and large and small scale industries. Various solutions for the problems within cloud computing security are discussed. In order to protect the data and big data applications, cloud computing plays a key significant role. Hadoop framework is discussed with using of security framework to process larger amounts of data into the hardware. The author concluded that cloud computing consists of various security issues as it contains of networks, operating systems, scheduling of resources, concurrency control and databases. Security over the data contains of data encryption, but it makes sure that proper policies are to be followed for data sharing. In this article, Modi et al. (2013) discussed that the cloud computing provides scalable on demand services to the customers with better suppleness as well as infrastructure asset. The cloud services are provided the users using classical networking protocols and it is formatted over the internet. The researcher surveyed of various factors which affect the adoption of cloud computing are attacks, threats and vulnerabilities to strength security cloud environments. The researcher concluded that in the future, this research will focus on existing techniques and examine of new security techniques to cloud environment. It requires a dynamic model and crypto algorithm which will target various levels of security in addition to privacy for the cloud computing. Encryption algorithm consists of unfamiliar position of the data within cloud to administer the data encryption. In this article, Almorsy, Grundy and Muller (2016) demonstrated that cloud computing is a computational paradigm which is offering of various business models for the business in order to adopt of IT with no upfront investments. In the cloud environment, security issues are critical as new dimensions are entered into problem scope related to the model architectures. The researcher introduced a detailed analysis of the problems related to problem of cloud security. The problem is investigated based on perspective of cloud architecture. A cloud computing model is used by the service and cloud providers. This model is used to utilize to block existing security holes. It is concluded that cloud security management problems are investigated so that the system users can analyze it. The objective is to block the holes arise within the processes of security management. In this article, Fernandes et al. (2014) discussed that the paper is based on security issues within the cloud environments. The features of cloud computing is that it motivates the researcher about various technologies to be used to mitigate the cloud computing issues. The issues are derived from the web technologies, internet, and then the cloud introduced of security issues. This particular paper surveyed on cloud security issues. It is concluded that the cloud computing is being dominated by various challenges. Due to growth of advanced technology as well as virtualization, the industry is facing security issues. In order to provide a secured cloud environment, highest priority is the security issues. Therefore, it will enable a better considerate of the security states. References Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., Mller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Fernandes, D. A., Soares, L. F., Gomes, J. V., Freire, M. M., Incio, P. R. (2014). Security issues in cloud environments: a survey.International Journal of Information Security,13(2), 113-170. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(3), 45. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, A., Rajarajan, M. (2013). A survey on security issues and solutions at different layers of Cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,63(2), 561-592. Yang, Q., Zhu, X., Fu, H., Che, X. (2015). Survey of security technologies on wireless sensor networks.Journal of sensors,2015. Anderson, T. (2016). Theories for learning with emerging technologies.Emerging technologies in distance education. Harasim, L. (2017).Learning theory and online technologies. Taylor Francis. Lu, X., Wang, P., Niyato, D., Kim, D. I., Han, Z. (2016). Wireless charging technologies: Fundamentals, standards, and network applications.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,18(2), 1413-1452. Mijumbi, R., Serrat, J., Gorricho, J. L., Bouten, N., De Turck, F., Boutaba, R. (2016). Network function virtualization: State-of-the-art and research challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,18(1), 236-262. Pan, M., Sikorski, J., Akroyd, J., Mosbach, S., Lau, R., Kraft, M. (2016). Design technologies for eco-industrial parks: From unit operations to processes, plants and industrial networks.Applied Energy,175, 305-323.

Tale As Old As Time Beauty and the Beast Essay Example

Tale As Old As Time Beauty and the Beast Essay Beauty and the Beast reflects Romanticism and Gothicism in a perfect way. Lets start with the settings of the story.You have the beautiful land and village that Belle resides in and then there is the dark, ominous castle where the Beast lives. Belle’s village is quaint and pure with light and nature. There is singing and dancing with happiness and love. The castle before the dark supernatural curse is quite magnificent and fit for royalty. The castle during the curse is scary with dark turns and gargoyles. There is sadness and despair. The beautiful architecture of the castle keeps it romantic but the gothic nature of it with the drab, stormy colors has it remaining gloomy. Belle is the persecuted maiden of the story. She is beautiful and innocent. She is full of hope. Belle has this need to give love and affection where it is normally not given. She is the object of Gaston’s desires and the Beasts need for love and goodness. She is smart and well read. Belle is gentle and kind. Gaston is the tyrant, cruel and mean. He wants to hurt others to gain objects (Belle) for his own satisfaction. His need for power over her makes her a sort of damsel in distress. Gaston also gets the townspeople, the bandits, to gather together to kill the Beast. He has help from Monsieur D’Arque, the madman, to help him blackmail Belle into marrying him by taking her father away. Gaston also has everyone in the tavern to believe that Belles father is a madman himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Tale As Old As Time Beauty and the Beast specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tale As Old As Time Beauty and the Beast specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tale As Old As Time Beauty and the Beast specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Beast is the monster as well as the byronic hero. The Beast is awful. He doesnt know love or kindness. He doesnt understand how Belle can be so kind to him while he looks the way he does.He is stubborn and scary and makes him frightening.Until Belle shows him how to love and how to be kind does he start to change into the prince he always should have been. He was an outcast in the village and instead of letting it continue to anger him he rose to being the byronic hero by

Research Paper Topics You Should Avoid in Future

Research Paper Topics You Should Avoid in Future Research Paper Topics to Avoid Choosing a topic for writing a research paper is usually quite hard, but there are some peculiarities which will help you to avoid bad research topics. While selecting your topic, youre focused on whether it is interesting for you and informative for an audience, however, some topics should be avoided. For instance: Personal information and stories Topics with a lack of approachable information Too narrow topics Too broad topics Controversial topics Personal information and stories You cannot write a research paper based on your own biography or stories from your life unless youre famous, or unless you have at least one book written about you. A research paper requires you to do a research, which means that there should be some sources available to use in order to do it properly. Topics with a lack of approachable information Just the same as with topics about yourself, you cannot write a topic without any available materials. If you choose something too specific (e.g. color of Albert Einsteins socks or what he ate for breakfast) you probably are going to be stuck because of lack or even non-existence of information Too narrow topics Still the same issue. You dont want to pick a topic which is hard or even impossible to write just because its too narrow. You can easily write about volcanoes as a future source of energy, but it will be much harder to write about how deep Vesuvius is and why it is so because it is way too specific. Too broad topics Sometimes, you are drowning in information about your subject, but cannot write anything. Familiar? Thats because there is too much information around, and its hard to distinguish the most important. Free-enterprise system would be a nice topic to pick as a counter to writing about economy in general. Economy is something general and includes a lot of different information and notions to write about. Controversial Topics Some topics can offend someones feelings, so you should be extremely accurate in picking the right one. For instance, college students are afraid to write about death penalty or abortions, because it may hurt somebody. Nevertheless, its okay to pick a controversial topic, if you are 100% sure that its not going to offend anybody. You cant just explain your points of view in your research paper, especially if they are controversial. Support your essay with some research and data and the reader would understand its value, even if their view doesnt match with one in a research paper.

The Cold War And Vietnam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Cold War And Vietnam - Research Paper Example Since they never come out in the open,   their stories are published in the newspapers. In short, he was associating the phrase‘cold war’ as â€Å"fight among goons† where ordinary people have nothing to do. He also confirmed having not read anything about the Cold war in the school. Non-Hispanic American had sufficient knowledge about the Cold war. He was aware of the fact that before the collapse of the Soviet Russia, the relations between the US and the USSR were very tense. He saidâ€Å"Soviet Russia had planted nuclear missiles in Cuba to attack the US. But with the counter threat by the US president, those missiles were later removed when the US gave assurance to the Soviet Russia that they will not attack Cuba†. In his mind, this was the most dreaded event of the Cold war.   It is quite clear that at least one respondent – African American did not know about the term ‘cold war’ because he never read anything about it in the pa st.   What he loosely explained as entirely his own imagination. The understanding of Vietnamese and non-Hispanic American of the war was quite in line with the details mentioned in the overview. Vietnamese knew about the Cold war more in detail because of his background and the suffering that his countrymen had gone through;   also, he had read about the Cold war during his school-days. Similarly, a non-Hispanic American had a fairly good image of the term ‘cold war’ and some of its consequences.

Do the policies and ideology of multiculturalism unite us or divide us Essay

Do the policies and ideology of multiculturalism unite us or divide us - Essay Example In order to promote multiculturalism, policies are in place to protect ethnic identities of immigrants and Canadian ethnic minorities. There are programs for education, employment and support for navigating government services. However, these policies do not always result in equal treatment. Multiculturalism is a laudable goal and it looks good from the outside. However, it is not always good from the inside. The idea of multiculturalism, especially in Canada, makes people feel like they are part of a greater good, a bigger picture promoting anti- racism, and that they fighting for group and individual equality. However, policies created to help protect identity or to aid aboriginals protect their culture or immigrants to integrate into Canadian society sometimes offer advantages to immigrants that native born Canadians do not enjoy. One very visible difference in policy is in the area of education. Canada has actively recruited immigrants to boost the economy for more than a century . Because of the Offical Languages Act in 1969 to mollify Quebec separatists, numerous ESL and EFL programs exist for adult immigrants across the country to help new arrivals integrate (Derwing and Thompson 2005). However, over the years these programs have been modified to emphasize the employability skills of participants and to communicate Canadian values. Other programs, such as neighbourhood national festivals are promoted and subsidized by the government to allow immigrants to communicate their culture to other Canadians in an effort to promote understanding, acceptance and equal opportunity. The LINC program improved upon its predecessor by adding women, who were considered unemployable, to the list of beneficiaries, but it still emphasized â€Å"Canadian† values, rights, and responsibilities (Bettencourt 2003, 25), including laws, shopping and banking, plus information for services (Bettencourt 2003). It was changed again in 2000. Based upon standards of measurement o f language skills, it aims to bring all immigrants’ language skills to a useful level (CIC 1996). Various changes were made to this program by the CIC (CIC 2001; CIC 2006; CIC 2007; CIC 2009) While all this work to help new immigrants benefits society as a whole, the amount of money spent on these programs is not equalled in educations programs for native born Canadians. For example, a native born Canadian who moves to Quebec is not eligible for free French lessons, nor is a Quebec resident who moves to an English province. This is seen as favouring immigrants at the cost of native born Canadians. Education of immigrant children required a change in Canadian school systems. However, public education is the purview of the provincial governments, not the federal government (JEAN-PIERRE, 2011). So many provinces have developed multicultural programs to help resolve the problems of immigration of non-English or French speaking immigrant children. Since schools are funded mostly by property taxes, this is seen as spending the taxes of the Canadian middle class, generally native born, citizens on programs that do not visibly benefit their children. While a case can be made for the value of foreign language instruction to child educational and intellectual development, Canadian schools already offer bilingual education: French and English. Adding other languages might be better accepted if those added languages

Concepts that define financing health care including risk, demand, and Essay

Concepts that define financing health care including risk, demand, and elasticity - Essay Example The whole mechanism in the health sector is a cost share sort of scheme. The consumers who are the patients in this case give the lowest contribution in most government based health centers universally. Conversely, there are a number of risks observed by the health centers and also the patients. One possible financial risk suffered by medical institution is the likelihood of drugs lacking consumption and they end up expiring while on storage if they appear to be expensive to the patients. On the other hand, the patients risk death if they fail to purchase certain drugs or fail to receive certain treatments due to their financial hiccups. An impact of financial risk is severe to the consumers or rather patients in the health sector. Another factor that defines how to finance the health care sector is the demand of the treatments and also the drugs. Demand of services and goods like any other sector of an economy is affected by both the price and quantity of the goods or services among other factors. While financing the health sector, the main factor affecting demand is the necessity of the drug or treatment by the patients followed by the price. This trend in the health sector is less likely to be observed in other markets. Patients will demand for a particular drug or treatment depending on whether it is necessary or not and in most cases the chronic diseases bring the highest demand in their treatment and purchase of their drugs. For instance, diseases like asthma or cancer tend to show high demand for their treatment. Elasticity of a product or a service portrays the responsiveness of either of the two in relation to changes in their prices. In most cases the elasticity is usually negative or less than whereby minimal change in price greatly affects the quantity of product or availability of the service in demand. Free checkups by

Research Strategy of Service Quality Assessment

Research Strategy of Service Quality Assessment Methodology: For this study survey, strategy will be used in order to collect data. Survey researchers are quite distinct from the general surveys conducted for different purposes, including marketing survey. According to Tanur(1982) surveys are generally meant of collecting data related to characteristics, actions, or opinions of a large group of people, referred to as a population. The surveys conducted for research purposes are focused on advancement of knowledge within a specific domain. Research survey data can be collected through different methods, including interviews, questionnaires and observations. In terms of questionnaires, the data can be collected either through open-ended questions in which participants need to provide details answer or closed questions in which participants need to provide select single or multiple answers from the choice of answers. According to Groves et al. (2013) survey data will be biased if the process of the survey is not properly followed, which includes designing, writing, collecting and analysing sub-processes. Figure 1 presents the typical data collection process as describe by Groves et al.(2013)   Ã‚   Figure 1: A survey from process prospective (Groves et. al. 2013,pp.149) For the research survey, strategy will be used and data will be collected through set of questionnaires which respondent will be able to complete themselves. The reason for using questioner as data collection method was because, firstly, this research is using survey strategy and according to Saunders et al. (2012) questioner is one of the most widely used data collection methods within survey strategy. Secondly, since this research will be providing the closed answers which will be used for quantitative data analysis, therefore, questionnaire data collection method is more suited for this research. In terms of sampling, since its pilot data collection and research is focused on general consumer perception about the service delivery and expected quality evaluated through the prism of culture, therefore, as describe by Saunders et al. (2012) probability based sampling technique will be used to identify a group from population for data collection. For quality of data, research has applied stratified random sampling by using the one attribute that has the basic level of experience in terms of service delivery from the population. The validity or according to Saunders et al. (2012) content validity, questions in a survey provide adequate representation for research questions. As describe by Saunders et al. (2012) validity of the content can be evaluated through literature review, which has been provided for this research. For the reliability and consistency in response to the questionnaire, the research is confined to only closed questions with multiple-choice single selection answe rs, and questions are all design using simple language. The questions on the survey are design based upon the research questions, and all the questions in the survey are closed question that is multiple-choice single selection in order to collect consistent data. The order and flow of the questions are carefully design to avoid confusion and misinterpretation. Similarly, in order to avoid blank or missed questions the questions are presented on the same page, Please see the Appendix for actual questionnaire in the survey. Although the research is evaluating the research question using qualitative research methodology, but the data collected through a survey is processed by quantitative data analysis. The data collected through a survey is considered to numerical data, and exploratory data analysis(EDA) approach will be used to process it. According to Saunders et al. (2012) EDA approach for data analysis emphasis on using diagrams and tables for understanding and exploring data. Sin ce this is pilot research, therefore, as describe by Saunders et al. (2012) EDA approach is useful for initially stages of the research. Research instrument and data collection: The survey is divided into two sections first section contains demographic questions two get more understandings about the respondent and their classification. The second section contains the statement about the service encounter which participants had to rate using 7-points Likert scale starting from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Before attempting to rate the statements participants were asked to think of the service they have received from the industries like banks, retail, etc. and use the experience to rate the statements. The survey is conducted electronically by creating the questionnaire on a free online survey conducting website which provides functionality to share a link to the survey. The link to the survey is shared through email and also via different electronic forums, The data collected through the survey is analysed and evaluated after downloading it from the website. Sample data comprised of two sources that is the student of universities and colleges. A total of hundred responses was received out of several hundred survey requests. As the research aims to analyse the effect of culture on customer perception of service, therefore, the sampling framework was clustered into two major group based on their ethnicity that is white and non-white. Population targeted for this research was local consumers living in UK and had received service from industries like banks, retail, etc. in last few months. Participants from the sample are chosen using researchers own intuition and chosen with purpose. (Tellstrom et al., 2006). In order to further evaluate participant demographic information like age and education has also been collected. Measurement: In order to measure a perception of service quality and evolution process, in this SERVQUAL scale will be used, which was developed by Parasuraman et al. (1991). SERQUAL provides 22-items scale, spanning five dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy), of service quality expectations and, which has been evaluated and validated in numerous studies (Donthu and Yoo, 1998). Although researchers have identified some shortcoming in using SERVQUAL, but the model is most widely referenced and practiced among various industries. The questionnaires in this study were design to capture the customer perceptions of service quality based on five quality dimension of SERVQUAL. For gauging the culture of the survey participant, the study will use the Hofstedes framework of cultural dimensions. Several scholars have proposed alternative frameworks to conceptualize and operational culture to overcome the shortcoming of Hofstedes framework. However, Hofstedes framework is still the most widely used cultural framework in different fields of study, including psychology, sociology, marketing, or management (Soares et al., 2007). The research has used the approach of grouping the participant according to their individual scores on Hofstedes cultural dimension scale resulting in better understanding the role of culture in shaping service perception (Guesalaga et al ., 2016). The survey has been conducted within UK, and participants predominantly belong to western culture but some of the participant involved has a different culture which can give better understand of cultural effect on service quality perception. References Guesalaga, R.; Pierce, M. and Scaraboto, D. (2016), Cultural influences on expectations and evaluations of service quality in emerging markets, International Marketing Review, 33(1), pp. 88-111 Parasuraman, A.; Berry, L. and Zeithaml, V.A. (1991), Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL scale, Journal of Retailing, .67(4), pp. 420-450. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012) Research methods for business students. 6th edn. Harlow: Pearson. Tanur, J.M.(1982) Advances in methods for large-scale surveys and experiments, in R. Mcadams, N.J. Smelser, D.J. Treiman (eds.), Behavioral and Social Science Research: A National Resource, Part II. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Groves,R. M., Fowler, F.J., Couper, M.P. Jr., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E. and Tourangeau, R. (2013), Survey Methodology, First Edition,John Wiley Sons Donthu, N. and Yoo, B. (1998),Cultural Influences on Service Quality Expectations, Journal of Service Research,1(2), pp.178-186 Soares, A. M.; Farhangmehr, M. and Shoham, A. (2007), Hofstedes dimensions of culture in international marketing studies, Journal of Business Research, 60, pp. 277 284

The English School: A Via Media Essay -- Education, International Rela

The English School: A Via Media The English School, also recognize as The International Society approach of the International Relations is a â€Å"Via Media† (Buzan, 2001, p471) between the Rationalism and Realist elements. The idea is that instead of separates elements, these should form a whole picture of the International Relations. The unique approaches of the English School to International Relations are its methodological pluralism, its historicism and its interlinking of three very important concepts: International System, International Society and World Society. The English School is not widely know in the American International Relations typical field, maybe because of its roots are The British Committee and early works and lectures about the international society from Charles Manning and Martin Wight. According to Buzan the work of the British Committee is key because of the â€Å"diverse group that contained not only people from several academic disciplines but also practitioners from the world of diplomacy† (Buzan, 2001) To Buzan in his work â€Å" The English School: An Underexploit Resource in IR† and Devlen, James and Ozdamar in â€Å"The English School, International Relations and Progress† the English School is key a theory because its provide an opportunity to explore the area between the Rationalism and the Realist elements and how this elements can work together in a integrated approach to the study of International Relations. Starting Point The English School is based on a three-way division among: International System, International Society and World Society or as Wight’s original formulation: Realism, Rationalism and Revolutionism. The International System that is sometimes named by Hobbes or Machiavelli is all about po... ... the value of all three, system, society and world society, and its work shows greatest allegiance with the societal account of International Relations (Devlen, James and Ozdamar 2005). Conclusion The English School plays and important and unique part of the International Relations combining a pluralistic approach and filling the gap between the two major elements. Also its methodical and historicism approach make the English School available to other disciplines that enrich the result of the International Relations studies. The English School also includes Order and Justice in their framework and is an obligation of the great power to preserve this order and to apply justice when need it. Finally the English School approach demonstrates that in order to understand International Relations it is essential to recognize all the variables and actors involved.

Case Study of a Person Experimenting with the Use of Alcohol

New Zealand is well-known as one of the best growers of grapes for world class wines. The topographic feature of the country, having a rich forest, hilly mountains and breath-taking coastlines, best suits the cultivation and growing of a variety of grape vines. The temperature of the land with good sunlight at day and cool sea breeze during the night nurtures the taste of grapes. This temperament makes the grapes ripe at slower pace enhancing the taste of wines to be made. This made New Zealand’s wine as one of the major agricultural products of the country.With this accessibility of wineries, alcoholic beverages in the country are of low cost and sold anywhere in the country. Even food cooked and served at home commonly uses wine for classic taste improvement. Many households experiments food dishes with the use of their grown wines to compliment their food. Like European dishes, New Zealand people use wines as spices for their foods.Use of wines in food or drinking alcohol b everages is common for New Zealand people. It is just a simple custom that they drink wines or any alcoholic beverages on their everyday meals. And the cold environmental climate especially the north part of the country would need such alcoholic drinks to warm up body preferably at night time.Because of those, being addicted or experimenting with the use of alcohol is not an issue for their society. Activity of people with alcohol is unnoticeable unless crimes are committed with its excessive usage.The Story of a Teenage BoyI had known a boy within the country about a year ago whose story of his life had been a misery because of the use of alcohol. His family problems rooted from alcohol addiction. He described alcoholism as a distinct vice that runs in their family.I could recall the day when he approached me and asked for help, I was then hanging out in one of the local bars where I spent a summer vacation. The boy was so sober and could not stand still. It just so happened that h is house was just a few blocks away from where I am staying. I offered him a cup of coffee to clear up his mind before we parted ways. He did not accept my offer but rather he asked favor to give him a ride home.On the next day, while I was doing a morning stroll around the neighborhood, it happens that I met him around the park. He was dressed with same screwed dirty clothes the night before. I came close to him and asked him to have breakfast with me. He agreed by then because he confessed that he had not yet eaten anything since that night.We had exchange of thoughts and became good friends for a while. I once asked him why he looked so disturbed and so much drunk the day I found him. He said he was distressed because of his family problems. I found out from him that his family descendants came from Maori race. His parents had been wed at early age. His father was already dead and his mother is suffering from an ailment. He had two brothers who are younger than him. They are supp osedly at secondary school but they are still in an intermediate level. They lack money to support a continuous education, even though they are studying in a state school. His father was a farm worker but all of his father’s earnings were spent for alcohol. Hisfather died from liver cirrhosis. Even though his father was diagnosed of the disease, he still drinks all the time until the last day of his life.During the burial of his father, James (not his true name) learned that his grandfather, on his father’s side, died of same ailment.James told me that his drinking problem started at a very early age, he was in his early teens when some of his school buddies were experimenting on wines and liquor. They are mixing drinks, measure how good it tasted and evaluate how strong the alcohol affects.   James told his friends activity to her mother. And he promised her that even though his peers were teasing him to try drinking alcohol; he will never taste a drop of it. That i s because of his father’s habit. Then one day, he went to school bruised and teary eyed. His friend made an inquiry of his appearance.He had said that his father had come home late a night before. And he was so drunk. James was awakened of the shouting and crushing noise from their kitchen. He went right to where he heard the noise and saw his father was beating his mother. He then intervened to stop his father and protect his battered mother. His father beat him instead. His two brothers saw what happened but were afraid to help him. By the end of his story, his friends sympathized with him and gave him shots of liquors to forget and relieve the pains.Every time things went wrong in their house, his friends made him drunk. James said that it is good that he can not be reminded of what was happening in his family. He began to like drinking and even tried smoking. He had been hooked with alcohol for years.   His characters changed. He became hot-tempered and irritable.He wor ked to earn money to provide food to his family when his father died. But half of it was spent his vice of alcohol. Once in his younger life, he  tried to quit drinking but when problems arises in his family, he started to engaged in drinking habits again.James also got in trouble oftentimes because of drinking, either in school premise or in his community. He had also been dismissed to his work because of being late due to hang-over caused by alcohol.In his school, he even got a suspension of attending classes being drunk. He never went back to school after experiencing a week-long suspension.His two brothers hated him with his habit. He was confronted by his brothers as often as he went home late at night, so much drunk. Their friends and classmates made excuses to avoid their company because of James’ character. And their mother tried to talk with him before she was sick. He knew the responsibilities that his father had left to him. But he can not contain how he will lea rn to stop drinking and be strong enough to resist the taste of liquors. He planned to start a new life after his father’s death to cure himself. But he can not afford to leave his family because of his concern for his sick mother.Analysis of James CaseDevelopmental Context:a) Bronfenbrenner’s Model describes how the environment settings, where a child spends time, with the influence of family, community and the society, affect child development. The child is the center of this model. Person, objects and symbols around him have pertinent influence in his growth and development.Above ecological model shows that positive experiences, so called proximal processes, understand the value of protective and preventive processes to avoid physical and psychological damages.Microsystem mainly consists of a family. It is the immediate environment where the child begins to learn. Parents have the major role in the child’s development because a child, at his early age, is lim ited to the home environment and interact with the members of his family especially to his mother who attended to his needs.Classroom, religious setting and peer groups are also considered microsystem. It is a small group where a child started to learn how to socialize and develop his abilities.In James’ case, his father had been an alcoholic. His grandfather was also a drinker. His father, being a constant drinker, introduced him the liquors.Another is his classroom environment, he had met his friends to chat and hang around in school.Mesosystem is the interactive relationship or connection of settings within his family, peers, religion or school. The model introduced in this level of influence that the number and quality of the connection between settings affects child development.Since early environment is limited at home, family relationships play a dominant role in determining the future pattern of a child’s attitude toward and behavior in relationship with others .At this level, transitions, made by child between settings, are also distinctly recognized. The child, after recognizing his environment, started to show maturity brought out by his experiences.Due to James’ family problems, he was forced to try and experiment with liquors with encouragement from his peer group. He had tasted alcoholic drinks and started to appreciate it until he was hooked.Not all experiences may give positive impact on individual. It either leads to better path or placed in a harder situation.Exosystem consists of community, school system, mass media and medical institution. This system pertains to an entire group of people and organizations having interest with every individual.In this level, there is no direct participation of an individual but his experiences are greatly influenced by this sytem.James was discouraged to pursue his education because of the school institution’s rules to suspend students who often gets in trouble and violates school ’s regulations. Although the rule serves to discipline students, James decided not to return after his suspension.Macro system shows the effect of cultural values, social conditions, national customs and economic patterns to child’s development. These settings dictates how people will live and act based on accepted norms of the society.James wanted to live alone to find himself and cure his alcoholism but he can not do so because of his concern for his mother. It is a Maori’s cultural value of being close with their family especially at the lowest point of their family member’s life.a.) Baltes’ Life Span Concept. As defined by Baltes, this concept deals with the study of individual development (ontogenesis) from conception into old age. The development of child is not yet complete as he reaches adulthood. It actually extends across the entire life course.Age-graded are influences based on chronology of age with correlation to life course. Biologica l or environmental factors or its interaction caused this influence. Environmental factors is categorized as family life cycle, education,  and occupational. Events occurring in this influence are commonly undergone by population majority at same life duration. Each culture or sub-culture has their own set of this influence.James’ addiction to alcohol happens in his puberty stage. This is the time when most young individuals have anti-attitude towards life or seems to loss some of good qualities previously developed.While influences related with historical time and cultural experiences is known as normative history-graded. Examples are wars and epidemics that may affect the whole community.James grew in present decade where liberation and individualism is a norm. He does engage with liquor that do not needs behavioral acceptance by his society.Non-normative influences pertain to significant events experienced by particular individual.   These are not part of an overall pa ttern in connection to the normal life cycle of an individual. Examples are like road accidents and conversion of religion.James’ father died of liver cancer. His death caused by his overindulgence to liquor.Social and Emotional Theory:Erickson’s psychosocial theory covers development from birth to old age. This theory describes how social interactions affect child’s sense of self. It has eight stages that completing of each stage successfully will result to a healthy personality therefore an individual can have better interaction with others.Below are the eight stages1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST This is a stage where an infant begins to know who to trust and mistrust strangers.   Commonly, trust is established by infant with their parents.– James trusted her mother so much that he even told her the things her friends are experimenting.2. AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT is the stage when a child projects his separation, he points out that he is an individual with di fferent ideas from his parents. He started to assert his own desires.– When James, help his mother against his father by the time he was so drunk, he showed that he believe that his mother do not deserve such treatment from his father.3. INITIATIVE VS GUILT is a continuation of the previous stage in which a child plans to obtain his objectives. Shame is felt when embarrassing experience is exposed publicly. While guilt is felt either somebody or nobody knows that you did something wrong. On this stage a child learns to internalize the values he learned. Child based his manner of action on how his society accepted it.– James felt guilty on how he was been addicted to alcohol. Because of this, he wishes to cure himself.4. INDUSTRY VS. INFEROIRITY .This is the stage when a child, upon entering elementary school is being praised for their efforts for the first time or looking for comparison to some external standard.– James felt inferior because of his familyâ€℠¢s ability to support them for their studies; he never wanted to return to school.5. IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION. This stage starts at adolescence period. An individual begins to explore with various possibilities for his career, peer groups and vested interests. Often, individual would try on different vices to gain experiences. Individuals find his own self and develop his own identity.– James, because of his family problems, tried drinking liquor to relieve his problems for some time. He has been confused of the things that are happening in their home.6. INTIMACY VS ISOLATION  This stage happens during young adulthood. A young adult compares his interests, goals and desires with other individual. Emotional aspects of individual, with respect to other not-related to his family, are developed.– James still have not found any intimate relationship with other individual, he focused on how he will be able to solve his problems. He then isolates himself with the company of liquors.7. GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION. Middle adulthood usually faces this stage. This time an individual wish to impart his values and learning from his hard works and experiences to his child or next family generation.– James felt stagnant of being hooked on alcohol. He had not learned much on how his father been drinking for his whole life years.  8. INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR. This is the time when a person recalls his life and evaluates how he did things on his younger days. An individual becoming satisfied and happy with what had become of him now   tries to accept the fate of his death.James felt desperate because he did not successfully hold on his principle of not becoming like his father.Attachment theory is describes the pattern of human enduring relationships from birth to death. There are three stages of emotional reactions in this theory. Initially, protest, which child shows his dependency to parents. Despair is the second stage when a child outflows his emot ions becoming sad and passive. Last stage is detachment, which a child expresses his independence.James shows his protest when his father beat him. He went to school teary-eyed for the painful experience he had in the hands of his father. He detached himself from his family by attaching himself with liquors.Cognitive Theory:Cognitive theory focuses on the individual's thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality.   In other words, thoughts always come before any feeling and before any action.SOAR is a computational theory of human cognition. It takes the form of a general cognitive architecture. (Rosen bloom, Laird & Newell, 1992). Soar is characterized by a set of specific theoretical commitments shaped by satisfying the functional requirements for the support of human-level intelligence.Three functional constraints of the SOAR structures are:a)Flexible and goal-driven behavior. This shows how a child will behave upon the laid situati on.James goal is to treat his alcohol addiction to prevent him becoming like his father.b) Continuous learning from experience. Experiences give a major impact of learning ideas. Sometimes experiences helps a child learn in a hard or easy ways.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – James learned that a taste of liquor drove him to addition.c) Real-time cognition. This shows a behavior within about a second of being in a situation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  -James was attracted to experiment with liquors because of his curiosity and immediate need of relieving his tension and present problems.Evaluation:Developmental theory shows the important role of a family. The family, where a child is nurtured and its older members who become the role models to develop a child’s emotions and potentials, it is the most crucial environment in which a child’s experiences and actions are justified and rooted with how he is taken cared and be loved.The first significant fac t about development is that early foundations are critical. Attitudes, habits and pattern of behavior established during the early years determine to a large extent how successfully individuals will adjust to life as they grow older.Because early foundations are likely to be more persistent, it is important that they be of the kind that will lead to good personal and social adjustments as the individual grows older.Personality of an individual is described in the development theory. It indicates at what stage does a child needs careful attention and support. Personality is a dynamic concept of describing the growth and development of aperson’s whole psychological system. It is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.An adult’s personality can be further understood through his developmental stages. It is made up of both hereditary and environmental factors, moderated by situational conditions.References:Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977) Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development. New York: Basic Books.Erikson, E. H. (1967) Identity and Life Cycle. New York: International University Press.Hurlock, Elizabeth. (1982). Developmental Psychology: A Life-Span Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.Leaky, R.E. (1991). The Making of Mankind. The Bumbridge Publishing Group.

social observations essays

social observations essays For my social observations paper I attended a high school football game and observed how students interacted with fellow classmates, namely students from other towns, teachers, parents and even the town "super-fan". I also observed how they interacted with classmates of different race and ethnicity and how they didn't interact with the elderly. I expected to find that the students would be mainly in groups of the same social and economic status. I also expected to find the students keeping their distance away from the parents in the stands or the parents keeping their distance away from them. When I first arrived it was apparent that the "popular" students still sat in the same section (top left corner) in the stands as they did when I was a student there. It was obvious that the students that were in this group felt comfortable around other "popular" students. The students in this group rarely strayed away unless it was to the snack bar and when they did it was with 4 or 5 others. On their way back from the snack bar the teachers would sometimes try to start a conversation with the students but the students kept it short and sweet, afraid of what fellow classmates thought. There was very little interaction outside the group for fear of embarrassment. Most of the conversation outside the group was to the town super-fan who is more often than not intoxicated. He attends all the football, hockey, and baseball games and is often on the rowdy side. The students found it amusing to ask him questions and give him hypothetical situations. This was one of the very few times they interacted with non-group goers. The students from other towns are automatically viewed as outcasts and aren't included in the conversation. When students from other towns are introduced to people in the group, the students are often nice but then criticized their personality or clothing behind their back. One of the more popular students had a ...

product placement essays

product placement essays In the film I Am Sam, Sean Penn plays the role of Sam Dawson, a handicapped man who has never mentally matured past the age of seven. He has a job at a local Starbucks, which is quite an obvious advertisement. He has a life of detailed order that helps him get through the day. His obsession with keeping all the Equal Sweetener packets and Sweet and Low packets in order of their colour is an clear product placement as it is zoomed in on during the credits. He and his circle of friends have gatherings such as Wednesday movie nights or Thursday morning breakfasts at IHOP, which is once again a very noticeable advertisement for IHOP. This whole well preserved lifestyle gets shaken around when he becomes a father. He must face responsibilities that even a matured adult has troubles with, his orderly and structured life becomes totally chaotic with the new baby. Sam wanders in the isles of grocery stores staring at all the different types of Huggies and Pampers and wondering which ones to buy. This isnt a very obvious ad because the camera flies by the isles very quickly also displaying Similiac baby powder. To make things worse the mother of the baby has disappeared as they left the hospital. With the help of his withdrawn neighbour Annie (Diane Wiest) and the support of his friends, Sam becomes a nurturing father to his little girl, named after a favourite Beatles song. The Beatles were used to a great extent in this film, even the director had asked permission to use the Beatles. The only problem is that Lucy (Dakota Fanning), his daughter does not follow his orderly routine. Sam loves his daughter and wants the best for her, he takes her out shopping and buys her shoes from Payless Shoe Store which seems much more like a commercial than a moving attempt of a father trying to show his daughter that he too can be a normal adult. Very soon Lucy starts asking questions but sooner or later she ...

Final Examination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Examination - Assignment Example To study the issue, the research required both a test sample and a control sample. The control sample would be used in order to highlight the differences between those patients who would be given the community posthospital follow-up services and those who did not. The test sample would then be subjected to the community posthospital follow-up services in an attempt to help them during recovery process. Social workers would be used to follow up on these people. The questions would be answered by comparing the performance of the test sample and the control sample in terms f how they fared after they were discharged. The sample size included 143 individuals, 71 as the test sample and 72 as the control sample. The subjects were randomly chosen from the patients being released from the Fresno County Department of Health HFCDH) Acute Psychiatry Unit (APU). There was a discrimination based on a number of factors which could otherwise make the subject inaccessible to the social workers assigned to follow up on them or if the patient was in another program that could interfere with the study. The different variables in the study involved the type of patients because not all patients were at the same level of severity, the length of the contact with the workers, and background of the patients. The independent variables in the study can be said to be the treatment because this is what the researchers could change. This variable is not affected by any other problem, it is the setting factor (variable with which the dependent variables will be compared). The dependant variable is the rate of recovery which is being compared to the availability of the post hospital services. The results of this variable are dependent on the first variable. The findings of the study were that community posthospital follow-up services improve the chances of the patient recovering better and reducing the rates of

Special Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Special Education - Assignment Example Investigation Congress passed Public Law 94 -142 also known as Education of Handicapped Children Act. The act has been codified as the Individuals and Disabilities Education Act or IDEA. The law requires United States schools to offer free appropriate public education to all children with disabilities. Complying with the requirements will precipitate to the United States government’s release of federal funds to the requesting state. In addition, Title 20 of the United States Code Section 1400 states education for children with special disabilities is compulsory. The law clearly shows that the state that does not comply with the Public Law 94 -142 also known as Education of Handicapped Children Act will be meted repercussions like disapproval of fund requests. The law was created because congress found a need to formally institutionalize special learning education as the most appropriate learning venue for student who are too slow to absorb the lessons taught in class. On the s ide of the students with normal learning ability, slowing down the day’s lessons in order to cater to the learning capacity of the students with learning disabilities would create boredom. ... Although each interpretation has its proponents and critics, limited theory and few data are available to guide these important policy decisions. Yet, these decisions will have long-lasting impact on children with learning disabilities, and it is from this perspective that we seek better understanding of the contexts in which children receive their formal education. Studying in a normal classroom learning environment may be psychologically disadvantageous to the children with special learning disabilities. Some of the students with normal learning abilities may criticize or discriminate the classmates with special learning needs. There is a possibility that the intelligent classmates may even complain that the teacher is too slow in teaching the day’s lessons for the sake of the classmates with special learning needs. There is a slight probability that the students with normal learning ability may even ridicule the students with special learning needs. Pijl and Pijl (5) emphas ized the analysis of 31 related researches conducted using the meta –analysis technique showed that there are vivid differences in the learning ability of students with normal learning abilities and students with special learning abilities. The test focused on general intelligence and neuropsychological tests. This means that the students with special learning needs generated lower general intelligence scores compared to students with normal learning capacities. In the same manner, the students with special learning needs generated lower general neuropsychological test scores compared to students with normal learning capacities. The findings indicate that students in regular education

Torture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Torture - Essay Example On the other side are those who believe that the allowance of torture destroys our national commitment to the inherent rights of all human beings. In the middle of this heated debate are those who believe that psychological torture, non-physical torture, should be permissible. It is not agreed that America should be permitted to use torture as a means of obtaining information from detainees. The United States was established on absolute principles of human rights, and the use of torture, whether physical or non-physical, past or present, violates those principles. for terrorists who suffer, or for those who die mercilessly at the hands of their torturers. Unfortunately that is human emotion at work, not ethics. Torture is a violation of human rights. In his Time to Think About Torture, Jonathan Alter admits that "we can't legalize physical torture; it's contrary to American values."1 The UN convention against torture came into force in 1987, prohibiting the acts that cause severe pain or suffering in order to gain information from prisoners. Alter wonders if using methods just short of physical torture will force four hijacking suspects to talk.2 He also added that he was not advocating the use of "cattle prods" or "rubber hoses", but "psychological torture."3 The act of psychological torture is subjecting a prisoner to mental stress, such as sleep deprivation, putting them in stressful situations, and sensory deprivation, in order to force a confession. Psychological torture, which leaves no visible signs of abuse, is still torture, and is illegal. According to research, prisoners subjected only to psychological torture report as much mental anguish as those who are beaten. The lasting effects psychological torture inflicts are as detrimental as those of physical torture. Novelist and journalist Henry Porter, wrote in his article that "torture is an absolute evil and there can be no allowances, especially in a country which stands for liberty and spends a good deal of time distinguishing itself from the Taliban and al-Qaeda on those grounds."4 If we as a nation disregard the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, our Constitution, and the UN convention against torture by using the same tactics as the Taliban and al-Qaeda, then we become no different than the ones we oppose. Terrorism has spread fear among Americans. Our citizens have desperately tried to justify the means of torture. The ticking bomb scenario, which implies that torture should be used to gain useful information that may prevent the possible loss of many lives, is just a scenario. It is a tactic used to persuade fearful Americans that torture is necessary. In discussing the fear of Americans, Porter states, "It is to be hoped that their very understandable fears do not lead to a further deterioration of human rights."5 Common sense and intelligence should be used to fight terrorism, not torture created by fear that opposes human rights. Torture is counterterrorism. Advocating any type of torture defeats the purpose of the Constitution, which guarantees protection against cruel and unusual punishment. Just as slavery and genocide are wrong for America, so is torture. Torture, whether physical, psychological, mild or severe,

Taylorism Is An Outmoded And Outdated Form Of Technical Control Essay Example for Free

Taylorism Is An Outmoded And Outdated Form Of Technical Control Essay Perfected by Henry Ford, Taylorism was developed in the early 20th Century and was a revolutionary outlook on scientific management. Its aim was to make the workplace a science, taking all control away from the worker and placing total power in the hands of management. By observing workers behaviour and how long it was taking for tasks to be completed he believed he could say how much an average worker could produce under optimum conditions. Using this he devised a means of detailing a division of labour in time-and-motion studies and a wage system based on performance. At the time and throughout the last century Taylorism was and has been the only way to manage, but is it now outdated and irrelevant. I hope to be able to provide some of the arguments for and against this viewpoint and give examples of Taylorism. First, what exactly is Taylorism? Simply Taylorism is the breaking down of the production process into simple, menial tasks to the extent that even the most unskilled worker can be efficient. He researched these methods knowing that management lacked the knowledge to maximise production and that workers were not efficient. Taylor spoke about rewarding good men i.e. good employees, with higher pay for completing tasks or working harder. He called for scoring and ranking workers, thus posing the argument: how can one compare someone who is really good at a given task against someone who is good at another task? The two individuals may well be very good at what they do; however, it quite often requires a mix of these talents to produce a quality product or service. Taylor also aimed to transfer the control of the work process away from the individual worker and instead have the work performed in a way that is detailed by management who train the worker and share all the responsibilities. He used pig-iron handlers during the American-Spanish war to test his theories. He picked the four best workers and, in exchange for a higher wage, asked them to work under a managers orders. The manager had complete control, telling them when they could have a break, when to pick up more iron, how much to lift etc. The experiment was a resounding success; with one man Schmidt working at a constant 47.5 tonnes a day. This was used to show that Taylorism could work. However it could be argued that the experiment was fixed as it used workers who were mentally sluggish and therefore, by their nature, were more likely to follow orders than to think for themselves. Nevertheless Taylorism became the standard for businesses worldwide and this led to a clockwork world of tasks timed to the hundredth of a minute for standardized factories, machines and the de-humanising of men and women. A man named Braverman argued in his book in the 70s that because of Taylor and Ford, more and more jobs became and are becoming deskilled and de-humanised and the thought processes are being taken over by managers and programmed into machines (Braverman 1974). This raises a very important point about Taylorism; it makes processes so precise and repetitive that humans are being turned into machines. In this state as machines, humans are very easy to control and so it could be argued that Taylorism, whilst being effective as a production method, is also designed to control the workforce and thus highly skilled workers threaten labour control. Read more:Â  Scientific Management Taylorism Such early 20th century thought is being practised not only in business, but in the schools as well where students, like workers, are be scored and ranked. Now we have moved to a system where this ranking and grading of students and schools is of such importance that they are no longer run by teachers, but managed by managers to improve efficiency. Whilst not being a strict example of Taylorism, it shows how Taylors ideas have changed the way people think in that people now assume anything and everything can be ranked. Whilst on the subject of culture changes that have been influenced by Taylor, it can be argued that Taylorism has led to gender differences. Women have been, at least they were, categorized into certain jobs; mainly clerical and secretarial. This may not be as true today with many high-powered businesswomen in the world but, especially in the 60s, this was true. Taylorism is scientific management but how scientific is it? In Websters book there is a case where a businessman complained about how slow his secretary worked and asked, How many times a minute should she be able to open and close a file drawer? The workers handbooks answer would be Exactly 25 times. Times for other open and close operations would be .04 minutes for opening and closing a folder, and .026 minutes for opening a standard centre desk drawer (Webster, J 1990). Another example of the scientific nature of Taylorism can be seen in UPS, the parcel company. Management have said that workers should walk at 3ft per second, packages should be carried under the left arm and that drivers should step into the van with their right foot first whilst holding the keys in the middle finger of the right hand. These are two classic and blatant time-and-motion pigeonholing that leads to the de-humanizing of the worker. This pigeonholing can be classically seen in some of todays big business, especially in fast-food chains. McDonalds, the most classically discussed example, where there is absolutely no autonomy for the worker; they have no option about what to do. Machines are set to cook quarter-pounders in 107 seconds and fries in 150 seconds. Guns exist that put exactly the same amount of sauce in each burger and fill the drinks to the right level. All the worker has to do is put it together and place in a bag. Even the bagging process is Taylorised; workers must place the goods in the bag in the correct order. Ritzer sees McDonalds as a paradigm of efficiency that has led to a consumer being able to go into any McDonalds in the world and expect the same service and the same product. This very tedious monotonous work has very little job satisfaction and so to keep the worker motivated McDonalds have used Taylors idea about incentives. McDonalds have a star system which rewards hard working individuals with stars. These stars are worn on the name badge to show the consumer that they are a noted worker. More importantly it develops a friendly rivalry within the store as workers compete to win stars. This leads to more productive and efficient workers. Some workers can take this to extremes however. A friend of mine started in McDonalds and almost straight away was working up to two hours overtime on closing shifts. He earned his stars very quickly as well as employee of the month two months in a row and within 8 months was promoted to floor manager. This is, in my view, a slightly extreme case as he is naturally a hard worker but shows how hard work is rewarded in McDonalds. The efficiency of McDonalds and its ability to retain workers has made it a very successful multinational company. Leidner argues in his book that the drive for efficiency within McDonalds has led to inefficiency for the consumer as it turns them into involuntary unpaid labour because they have to queue for the food, clear their own rubbish away etc. For McDonalds to be as efficient as it is, it must offer a very restricted menu so that deliveries and production can be streamlined. This leads to a loss for the consumer who can only expect a very small choice from McDonalds. In the beginning this may have been a problem but now people go to McDonalds and expect a burger, fries and a drink which are the same every time. Despite these critiques of Taylorism there are authors who believe that Taylorism is as relevant today as it ever was. Taksa argues in her 1992 article that Taylor and his ideas are still useful in resolving todays management issues especially as firms are larger these days. The limiting of verbal exchange due to written instructions means that the teaching mangers are also under as much control as the workers from the planning group (Taksa,1992). This is especially useful in the large firms of today where middle management can be very large and therefore they must be put under the same controls as the workers. Many firms however are extremely efficient and successful without adopting Taylorist methods. It can be argued that Taylorism is not suitable for every type of business. An example of this is Dixons, where I used to work, where if any type of technical control would greatly hinder the sales of goods and insurance. The salesperson must have the freedom to react to the customers situation and what they say. There would be no way of, for example, telling sales staff that this type of person must have this product or that the sale must be complete in x minutes. It would be impossible to implement as, unlike McDonalds, every customer is different with different needs and without talking these needs cannot be ascertained to result in the sale of a product. Even shops are individual, while common theme run from shop to shop, where products are placed and how they are displayed is up to the mangers discretion and not controlled by main management. So to conclude; Taylorism is a very restrictive practise which leads to the de-humanising of the worker and complete management control. However it is an extremely efficient and productive system. I would say that in certain business environments, like McDonalds, it is the only way to manage that would produce effective results. However nowadays individuals require job satisfaction out of their roles and to that end Taylorism is outdated as it allows no sort of autonomy and thus make working very dull. To that end I cannot conclude either way; Taylorism is very effective in the food sector where customers are indistinguishable from each other but would be highly ineffective once individuals needs must be catered for. Bibliography Braverman, H.: Labour And Monopoly Capital: The Degradation Of Work In The 20th Century, 1974. Monthly Review Press, NY Leidner, R: Fast Food, Fast Talk, 1993. University Of California Press Ritzer, G: The McDonaldisation Of Society, 1993. Pine Forge Press Taksa, L: Scientific Management: Technique Or Cultural Ideology?. Webster, J: Office Automation, 1990. Harvester Wheatsheaf

Mary Crow Dog in the American Indian Movement :: essays research papers

During the American Indian Movement, many Native Americans tribes came together as a unit and fought against the injustices that were thrust upon them by American governmental polices. The fact that many Native people were ?whitemanized? through Christianity and other things that such as boarding school played a role in shaping Native peoples identity. However, the involvement in the American Indian Movement shaped the identity of Mary Crow Dog by making her accept who she was ?an Indian woman, and by making her more willing to fight for the rights of Native Americans. Before joining the American Indian Movement, Mary Crow Dog was forced into boarding school and she questioned her identity many times. For instance, she said that as a young girl she wanted to know who she was because her skin was very light. Because of this she wanted a to lay out in the sun so that she could become a real skin Indian. She questioned her Indian identity because her father was white and also because she was a ?iyeska.? This meaning a half blood Indian and as a result she was looked down upon by white people and full bloods Indians. When Mary Crow Dog joined the American Indian Movement, her outlook on life as an Indian changed because she accepted who she was and she was proud of being and Indian as well. She held on to her old religion and she participated in old Indian traditions such as Ghost dancing. She also went back to using medicine man and peyote roadman. In her point of view ?holding on to her own religion was one way of resisting a slow death of the Indian culture that was being perpetuated by the white man. In addition, she stated that to be an Indian she had to go to the full bloods and listen to what they had to say. This is because the full blood was humble and they had hearts. Another thing that allowed Mary Crow dog to accept who she was, was the fact that AIM brought a lot of different tribes together and they all fought collectively against White America. One of the most important things that the American Indian Movement did for Mary Crow dog was it made her more willing to fight for Indian rights. For example, she protested in Washington with AIM and she was part of the native people that took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs building.

Development and frameworks support development influence current practice Essay

Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development focusses on how children acquire knowledge and learn. He believed that when a child and an adult are given the same logical question children gave less sophisticated answers, not because they were less competent than the adults but because children are born with an extremely simple mental structure which is the basis for the child’s knowledge and learning ability. He suggests that children go through four stages of intellectual growth: 0-2yrs – Sensorimotor, i.e. motor control and learning about objects, the child explores the environment around them using their senses; 2-7yrs – Preoperational, verbal skills development, the child understands the use of symbols and language; 7-11yrs – Concrete Operational, beginning to grasp abstract concepts, shows logical thinking; 12yrs to adulthood – Formal Operational, logical and systematic reasoning skills, is able to work through abstract problems. One of the basic components of Piaget’s theory is ‘Schemas’. Each schema is a building block of intelligent behaviour and a way of a child’s brain organising the knowledge they have gained. Children will develop new schemas as they learn and experience more to allow them to retain this knowledge, as well as modifying their existing schemas as new information about them emerges through additional knowledge. We can effectively plan the development of a child by taking his ideas of ‘schemas’ into practice and using Piaget’s stages we can assess where and how a child is currently learning. From assessment it becomes possible to plan activities to help them to develop onto the next stage. Psychoanalytical Sigmund Freud (1856 1939) An Austrian neurologist Freud believed that each stage of a child’s development directly related to specific needs and demands, each based on a particular body part and was rooted with a sexual base. Freud outlined these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Each stage involves the satisfaction of a desire and can later play a role in the adult personality. Freud suggested that if a child does not successfully complete a stage, they could develop a fixation that would later influence adult personality and behaviour. According to Freud the mind can be split into two halves, the conscious (mental processes we are aware of) and the unconscious mind (mental processes we are unaware of), and has three separate aspects – the Id (the conscious mind), Ego and Superego (unconscious mind) which all need to be balanced to have good mental health. The Id is about basic needs and feelings, the pleasure principle. The Ego is the reality principle and the Superego is the moral part of the mind. Freud’s theories about unconscious actions can still be witnessed, for example when a child is caught hurting another child. The aggressor may deny it and tell a lie, but may start to cry because he knows what he has done is wrong, and that he has lied about it. Whilst Freud’s psychosexual theories do not fit well with today’s more scientific standards and are considered not to be very accurate, they have been influential because it was original thinking about human development, and many other theorists used his ideas as a starting point. He has also helped those working with children by understanding there is a link between our conscious and unconscious actions. Humanist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) An American psychologist Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who is most famous for his ‘Hierarchy of Needs’, which is relevant to all ages, not just for children. The five-stage hierarchy of needs is often visually displayed as a pyramid with the largest most important needs at the bottom and the more advanced needs at the top We are born with basic needs for survival, food, water, shelter and sleep which is represented in the first layer. Without these nothing else is possible. Once these needs are met we can progress to the next level which consists of a need for feeling safe and secure. We seek safety from others and strive to be in an environment that keeps us safe and free from harm. The third level is our need for love, our desire for acceptance and our need to fit in. At this level we seek out love, friendships and intimacy. The fourth level is our need for esteem, achievement, education and respect. At this level we focus our attention on self-respect and respect from others. We seek information and knowledge through education, strive to make advancements in our careers and work towards an overall higher self-worth. The fifth and final level in the hierarchy is our need for self-actualisation, the need to reach our fullest  potential with complete understanding of ourselves. According to Maslow very few people if any, master this level. Our basic needs (1st level) are essential for our survival. We need to feel safe (2nd level) before we can develop friendships which will give us a sense of belonging (3rd level). Once we have developed friendships we seek the esteem of self and others (4th level). This demonstrates how each layer must be fulfilled before moving up to a higher level. Maslow’s theories are very relevant to child development and care. Based on his hierarchy of needs a child would find it very hard to learn if their basic needs are not being met, for example a hungry or thirsty child would find it difficult to focus their attention to learn as the most basic need must be met first. A simple solution of snack time in between lessons and having drinking water available would help to overcome this problem. Addressing a child’s most basic needs will help them to grow, learn and develop. Social learning Albert Bandura born 1925, an American psychologist Bandura states that behaviour is learned from the environment, i.e. behaviours of others, and then imitated. His famous experiment in 1961 – the Bobo doll study – involved a film being shown of an adult beating up a Bobo doll and shouting aggressive words. This was then shown to a group of children and after watching the film they were allowed to play in the room that held the Bobo doll. All the children began to beat up the doll and were physically and verbally aggressive towards it, even though nurturing toys were available to play with the doll. They were apparently imitating the actions of the adult they had seen in the film. This was seen as an important break away from the behaviourist theory that behaviour is directed by reinforcement or rewards. The children simply copied the adult’s behaviour. They received no encouragement or reward. Bandura’s theories have an influence on current practice today in the form of positive role modelling. Recognition that child carers have a responsibility to demonstrate positive role modelling, as children will often imitate their behaviour. If aggressive behaviour or frustration is exhibited by the adult it is likely to be imitated by the child. Learning  is acquired by observation and imitation. Operant conditioning B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) An American psychologist. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning can be described as a process that attempts to modify a behaviour through the use of positive and negative reinforcement. The child will make the association between a particular behaviour and a consequence. The fundamental idea behind this is that behaviours that are reinforced will tend to continue while behaviours that are punished will eventually stop. Positive reinforcement is when a desired behaviour is rewarded positively: for example, when a child completes a set task they would receive a positive response e.g. a sticker, positive praise or maybe free play. Negative reinforcement is more about focussing on the negative behaviours that are to be changed and instilling a sanction or removal of a positive event: for example, a child that is continually exhibiting a negative behaviour, such as disobeying house rules will be told that if this behaviour continues they will lose their gaming machine or similar sanction. In summary if we reward good behaviour we expect that behaviour to continue and if we punish negative behaviour we hope that behaviour will cease. Importantly adults using this theory must make sure that they consistently carry out what they have intended otherwise the system becomes completely ineffective. Skinner’s theories are used widely in childcare today, we actively praise children for positive behaviours and for performing actions correctly; additionally we use the ‘time out’ method for negative behaviour. Behaviourist John B Watson (1878-1958) An American psychologist. Watson believed all learning was gradual and continuous. Development is a sequence of specific conditional behaviours with the main emphasis on the environment not heredity. Observable behaviours were considered to be more important rather that internal events such as thinking because external/observable behaviours could be witnessed and monitored. Watson believed that everyone is born as a ‘blank canvas’ and with the same abilities as each other and that they can be taught and trained to become anything they wish to be. Individuals can be trained to behave in a certain  way. He believed all behaviour is a result of the environment and a response. His work was heavily influenced by physiologist Ivan Pavlov who is famous for his theory based on dogs. Pavlov learned that dogs would begin to salivate in response to seeing a care giver in anticipation of food, rather than just in the response of receiving food. He named this response the ‘Classical Conditioning Theory’. It was Watson’s and Pavlov’s ideas which impacted on that of Skinner’s. We use Watson’s theories today by rewarding good behaviour and punishing negative behaviour. Good behaviour in our classrooms today is often rewarded with stickers, privileges or other positive motivators. To discourage negative behaviours often a stepped warning system is used. A system of planned ignoring is beneficial and often used for dealing with attention seeking behaviour. Social pedagogy Social Pedagogy is a framework that influences current practice by creating a holistic way of working with children by seeking to bring together theories and concepts from education, psychology and sociology. It aims to treat the child as a whole, making sure all their needs are met especially those children with additional needs.